WEIGHT loss surgery can be restrictive (closing off parts of the stomach/intestine) or malabsorptive (reducing calorie absorption). These can also be combined. Here are a few bariatric surgical procedures.
ROUXENY GASTRIC BYPASS
• Combines both approaches
• Size of stomach is reduced, through stapling, to restrict intake
• Small intestine is altered to reduce absorption
• The stapled upper stomach is attached to the middle of the small intestine, so food bypasses part of the stomach and the small intestine
LAP BAND OR LAPAROSCOPIC GASTRIC BANDING
• An inflatable silicone band is placed around the upper stomach, creating a small pouch
• This creates a feeling of fullness with lower intake, as the upper pouch empties slowly
• Intended for those severely obese;
• The band slipping out of place or loosening is a complication
SLEEVE GASTRECTOMY
• About 80 per cent of stomach is removed and edges are stapled together
• The remaining narrow sleeve/tube is connected to the intestines
• The irreversible procedure makes one feel full very quickly
• The stapling could leak and reflux could result
BILOPANCREATIC DIVERSION
• A part of the stomach is removed
• The rest is connected to the lowest part of the small intestine
• Upper part of small intestine, where most absorption occurs, is bypassed
• The part of the small intestine containing bile and pancreatic juice is attached to the lower part
CELEBRITIES WHO HAVE UNDERGONE WEIGHT LOSS SURGERY
• Diego Maradona, former soccer player (stapling)
• Randy Jackson, singer, American Idol judge (bypass)
• Sharon Osbourne, wife of Ozzy Osbourne (banding)
• Jennifer Holiday, actor (bypass)
• Khaliah All, daughter of Muhammad Au (banding)